System Analysis and Design
System prototyping helps the designer in

giving a demo of the software, to the system manager to whom he reports
all of the listed here
making the programmers understand how the system will function.
communicating to the user, quickly, how the system, when developed, will look like and get a feedback.

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System Analysis and Design
Indexed-Sequential organization

has records placed randomly throughout the file
stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key
uses an index for each key type

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System Analysis and Design
Top-down programming is

a map of the programmer's view of the data
an approach in which the top module is first tested then program modules are added from the highest level to the lowest level
a group of related fields
a series or group of components that perform one or more operations of a more complex system

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