System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and and design is

to identify a top level function and then create a hierarchy of lower level modules and components
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity.
All of these
None of these
to prepare flowcharts after programming has been completed

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System Analysis and Design
Indexed-Sequential organization

stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
uses an index for each key type
has records placed randomly throughout the file
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key

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