Workshop Technology
Piercing is an operation of cutting

A cylindrical hole in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die
A number of holes evenly spaced in a regular pattern on a sheet of metal
A hole (other than cylindrical) in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die
A flat sheet to the desired shape

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Workshop Technology
Shift is a casting defect which

Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting

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