Mass Transfer
Pick out the correct relationship. (where, Ri = internal reflux ratio Ro = external reflux ratio. )

(1 + Ro) = Ro/Ri
(1 - Ro) = Ro/Ri
(1 - Ri) = Ro/Ri
(1 + Ri) = Ro/Ri

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Mass Transfer
The relation among various mass transfer co-efficients (M.T.C) for ideal gases is given by (where, Kc & Km are M.T.C. for equimolar counter diffusion with concentration & mole fraction respectively as the driving force. and, Kp = M.T.C. for diffusion of a gas through a stagnant inert gas with pressure as driving force.)

Kc = Kp = Km
Kc = Kp/RT = Km . RT/P
Kc = Kp . RT = Km . RT/p
None of these

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Mass Transfer
If the solubilities of different components (in a liquid-liquid extraction system) increase with rise in temperature, then the temperature above which they dissolve completely is known as the critical solution temperature (CST or consolute temperature). If solubilities increase with decrease in temperature, then CST is the temperature below which they dissolve completely. If a binary system has no critical solution temperature, it implies that

The system comprises of an azeotrope
The system comprises of partially mis-cible liquids
The system comprises of miscible liquids
On heating, a vapor phase will appear ; while on cooling, a solid phase will appear

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