Mass Transfer
To get high tray efficiency

Interfacial surface between liquid and gas phase should be large
Time of contact between the two phases should be less
Liquid entrainment should be severe
Gas velocity should be very low

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Mass Transfer
Inside the distillation column, the

Pressure increases gradually from bottom to the top of the column
Liquids are not always at their bubble points
None of these
Driving force for the vapour flow is the pressure drop

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Mass Transfer
For water-ethanol system, the minimum reflux ratio

Is computed from the intercept of the operating line
Cannot be computed
Is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve
Is the optimum reflux ratio

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