Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The function of a piston rod is

To transfer motion from the piston to the cross head
To guide motion of the piston rod and to prevent it from bending
To convert heat energy of the steam into mechanical work
To exhaust steam from the cylinder at proper moment

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In designing air preheaters, the important design consideration is that

Heat transfer area should be optimum
Stack gases should not be cooled to the dew point
Approach temperature should be as low as possible
Handling and maintenance should be easier

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