Engineering Thermodynamics
Otto cycle efficiency is higher than Diesel cycle efficiency for the same compression ratio and heat input because in Otto cycle

Combustion is at constant volume
Expansion and compression are isentropic
Heat rejection is lower
Maximum temperature is higher

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The distillation carried out in such a way that the liquid with the lowest boiling point is first evaporated and re-condensed, then the liquid with the next higher boiling point is then evaporated and re-condensed, and so on until all the available liquid fuels are separately recovered in the sequence of their boiling points. Such a process is called

Fractional distillation
Carbonisation
Cracking
Full distillation

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