Engineering Thermodynamics
Otto cycle efficiency is higher than Diesel cycle efficiency for the same compression ratio and heat input because in Otto cycle

Expansion and compression are isentropic
Combustion is at constant volume
Heat rejection is lower
Maximum temperature is higher

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Engineering Thermodynamics
According to Avogadro's law, for a given pressure and temperature, each molecule of a gas

Occupies same volume
Occupies volume inversely proportional to its molecular weight
Occupies volume inversely proportional to its specific weight
Occupies volume proportional to its specific weight

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The distillation carried out in such a way that the liquid with the lowest boiling point is first evaporated and re-condensed, then the liquid with the next higher boiling point is then evaporated and re-condensed, and so on until all the available liquid fuels are separately recovered in the sequence of their boiling points. Such a process is called

Cracking
Carbonisation
Fractional distillation
Full distillation

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