Engineering Thermodynamics
Otto cycle efficiency is higher than Diesel cycle efficiency for the same compression ratio and heat input because in Otto cycle

Heat rejection is lower
Maximum temperature is higher
Combustion is at constant volume
Expansion and compression are isentropic

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Engineering Thermodynamics
An open system is one in which

Mass does not cross boundaries of the system, though energy may do so
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system
Both energy and mass cross the boundaries of the system
Mass crosses the boundary but not the energy

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Engineering Thermodynamics
Intensive property of a system is one whose value

Is dependent on the path followed and not on the state
Does not depend on the mass of the system, like temperature, pressure, etc.
Depends on the mass of the system, like volume
Is not dependent on the path followed but on the state

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