Engineering Thermodynamics
Otto cycle efficiency is higher than Diesel cycle efficiency for the same compression ratio and heat input because in Otto cycle

Heat rejection is lower
Expansion and compression are isentropic
Maximum temperature is higher
Combustion is at constant volume

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The distillation carried out in such a way that the liquid with the lowest boiling point is first evaporated and re-condensed, then the liquid with the next higher boiling point is then evaporated and re-condensed, and so on until all the available liquid fuels are separately recovered in the sequence of their boiling points. Such a process is called

Carbonisation
Cracking
Full distillation
Fractional distillation

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The universal gas constant (or molar constant) of a gas is the product of

Atomic mass of the gas and the gas constant
Molecular mass of the gas and the specific heat at constant volume
Molecular mass of the gas and the specific heat at constant pressure
Molecular mass of the gas and the gas constant

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