Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum economic pipe diameter for fluid flow is determined by the

Viscosity of the fluid
Total cost considerations (pumping cost plus fixed cost of the pipe)
None of these
Density of the fluid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
All of these
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used

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