Chemical Process
One of the steps during refining of cane sugar consists of addition of hydrated lime to the sugar syrup followed by carbonation of the resulting solution. The purpose of this step is to

Adjust the pH of the syrup
Remove the coloring matter from the syrup
Reduce the viscosity of the syrup
Improve the rate of crystallisation of sugar

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Chemical Process
Reverse osmosis is normally used for the

Separation of helium from natural gas
Purification of oxygen
Desalination of brackish water to produce potable (drinking) water
Separation of isotopes of uranium from gaseous uranium hexaflouride

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