Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
On a ladder resting on a rough ground and leaning against a smooth vertical wall, the force of friction acts

Zero at its upper end
Downwards at its upper end
Perpendicular to the wall at its upper end
Upwards at its upper end

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
A square hole is punched out of a circular lamina, the diagonal of the square being the radius of the circle. If ‘r’ is the radius of the circle, the C.G. of the remainder from the corner of the square on the circumference will be

[r (π - 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)
[r (π + 0.25)]/(π + 0.5)
[r (π - 0.5)]/(π + 0.25)
[r (π + 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)

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