Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
On a ladder resting on a rough ground and leaning against a smooth vertical wall, the force of friction acts

Perpendicular to the wall at its upper end
Downwards at its upper end
Zero at its upper end
Upwards at its upper end

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
The characteristic of a couple is:

Algebraic sum of forces, constituting a couple is zero
All listed here
A couple can be never the balanced by a single force
Algebraic sum of moments of forces, constituting a couple, about any point, is same

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