Process Control and Instrumentation
Nichol's chart deals with

R. vs. phase lag of second order
Frequency response values of controllers
Closed loop values vs. open loop values
R. vs. phase lag of first order

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to close valve with the controller direct acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting
Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting

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