System Analysis and Design
Most algorithms begin by _____.

Processing the input items by doing some calculations on them
Entering the output items into the computer
Entering the input items into the computer
Displaying the input items
Displaying the output items

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System Analysis and Design
Indexed-Sequential organization

stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key
uses an index for each key type
has records placed randomly throughout the file

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System Analysis and Design
In a Decision tree

the branch, to be followed, depends on the conditions and decisions, to be made
the root is drawn on the left and is the starting point on the decision sequence
the nodes represent the conditions, with the right wise of tree listing the actions to be taken
all of the listed here

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System Analysis and Design
Data manipulation language (DML)

determine how data must be structured to produce the user's view
all of the listed here
describes how data are structured in the data base
specifies for the DBMS what is required; the techniques used to process data

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