Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel
The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of

Energy supplied to the pump to the energy available at the impeller
Manometric head to the energy supplied by the impeller per kN of water
Energy available at the impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Actual work-done by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of resistance is the ratio of

Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena-contracta to the theoretical velocity

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