Power Systems
Which of the following is/are the advantages of synchronous phase modifier over the shunt compensation?

 smooth voltage regulation is possible by controlling excitation
 single unit can be used as both capacitance and inductor by adjusting the excitation
 initial cost is low
 both 1 and 2

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Power Systems
The value of off diagonal elements is

 sum of admittances connected at bus j
 sum of admittances connected at bus i
 which is connected between bus i and bus j with negative sign
 which is connected between bus i and bus j with positive sign

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