Electrical Machines
In a DC shunt generator working on load, the brushes are moved forward in the direction of rotation, as a result of this, commutation will

 improve but terminal voltage will fall.
  worsen and terminal voltage will fall
  improve and terminal voltage will rise .
  worsen and terminal voltage will rise.

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution

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