Communication Systems
It is found that a ship to ship communication suffers from fading. This can be avoided by using

Frequency diversity
Space diversity
Directional antenna
Broad band antenna

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Communication Systems
In Pulse Code Modulation system

Large bandwidth is required
Quantising noise can be overcome by companding
Quantising noise can be reduced by decreasing the number of standard levels
Suffers from the disadvantage of its incompatibly with TDM

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