Communication Systems
It is found that a ship to ship communication suffers from fading. This can be avoided by using

Frequency diversity
Directional antenna
Space diversity
Broad band antenna

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Communication Systems
In Pulse Code Modulation system

Quantising noise can be reduced by decreasing the number of standard levels
Suffers from the disadvantage of its incompatibly with TDM
Large bandwidth is required
Quantising noise can be overcome by companding

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