Communication Systems
It is found that a ship to ship communication suffers from fading. This can be avoided by using

Space diversity
Frequency diversity
Broad band antenna
Directional antenna

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Communication Systems
In Pulse Code Modulation system

Suffers from the disadvantage of its incompatibly with TDM
Large bandwidth is required
Quantising noise can be reduced by decreasing the number of standard levels
Quantising noise can be overcome by companding

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