Electrical Machines
In a dc generator operating on load with its brushes on the geometrical neutral axis (GNA), the magnetic neutral axis (MNA) is shifted in the direction of rotation. Now, if the brushes are given a lead of 90° (electrical), then the MNA will

 coincide with the GNA
 shift forward by less than 90°
 shift forward by more than 90°
 shift forward by 90°

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Electrical Machines
In synchronous generator, inverted V curve is drawn between

 field current on X-axis and power factor on Y-axis
 field current on Y-axis and power factor on X-axis
 field current on X-axis and armature current on Y-axis
 field current on Y-axis and armature current on X-axis

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Electrical Machines
The results of a slip test for determining direct axis (Xd) and quadrature axis (Xq) reactances of a star connected salient pole alternator are given below Phase values: Vmax = 108 V ; Vmin = 96 V Imax = 12 A ; Imin = 10 A Hence the two reactances will be

 Xd = 8Ω and Xq = 10.8Ω
 Xd = 9.6Ω and Xq = 9Ω
 Xd = 9Ω and Xq = 9.6Ω
 Xd = 10.8Ω and Xq = 8Ω

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