Heat Transfer
Indirect contact heat exchangers are preferred over direct contact heat exchangers, because

There is no risk of contamination
Heat transfer co-efficient are high
Cost of equipment is lower
There is no mist formation

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Heat Transfer
Extended heat transfer surface like fins are used to increase the heat transfer rate. Fin efficiency is defined as the ratio of heat transferred across the fin surface to the theoretical heat transfer across an equal area held at the

Average temperature of the fin
Surrounding temperature
Temperature of the fin end
Constant temperature equal to that of the base

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