Heat Transfer
Indirect contact heat exchangers are preferred over direct contact heat exchangers, because

Cost of equipment is lower
There is no mist formation
There is no risk of contamination
Heat transfer co-efficient are high

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation

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