Microbial Genetics
In the time since E. coli and Salmonella diverged evolutionarily

E, coli has lost approximately 50% of its genome
there has been little change in either genome
none of these
E. coli has acquired many genes via horizontal transfer

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Microbial Genetics
Why the bacterium Treponema pallidum is difficult to culture?

Because it lacks the genes needed for TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Because it is unable to use carbohydrates as an energy source
Because it requires extremely low temperature at which water freezes
Because it requires a great deal of water to reproduce

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