Spectroscopy
In the equation, A = ε bc, what quantity is represented by "ε"?

Molar absorbtivity
Absorbtivity
None of these
Path length

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Spectroscopy
Why must the voltage supplied to a tungsten lamp be very stable?

Because amount of energy the lamp emits is proportional to the fourth power of the operating voltage
Because if it wasn't, the lamp would bum out
All of these
Because the lamp will only function at a specific voltage

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Spectroscopy
Beer's Law states that

None of these
absorbance is proportional to both the path length and concentration of the absorbing species
absorbance is proportional to the log of the concentration of the absorbing species
absorbance is equal to P0 / P

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Spectroscopy
Why are rotational transitions of little use to a spectroscopist?

Because rotational transitions are extremely rare
Because, in liquids and solids, spectral lines corresponding to rotational transitions are broadened as the result of molecular collisions and other interactions
All of these
Because the energy required to induce a rotational transition is so small that it cannot be measured

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