Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It has a lower curvature than the outer side

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Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Axial load plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation

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Machine Design
In case of V belt drive

The belt should touch the bottom of groove in the pulley
The belt should not touch the sides of groove in the pulley
None of these
The belt should not touch the bottom of groove in the pulley

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