Surveying
In observations of equal precision, the most probable values of the observed quantities are those that render the sum of the squares of the residual errors a minimum, is the fundamental principle of

D'Alembert's method
Gauss' Mid Latitude formula
Legendre's method
Least square method

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Surveying
If altitude bubble is provided both on index frame as well as on telescope of a theodolite, then the instrument is levelled with reference toi) altitude bubble on index frameii) altitude bubble on index frame if it is to be used as a leveliii) altitude bubble on telescopeiv) altitude bubble on telescope if it is to be used as a levelThe correct answer is

only (iii)
both (ii) and (iii)
only (i)
both (i) and (iv)

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Surveying
Bowditch rule is applied to

an open traverse for graphical adjustment
determine the effect of local attraction
None of these
a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error

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