Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution

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Electrical Machines
Where the shunt generators are widely used?

  Where a constant voltage is required over a narrow load range.
 Where the load is very high.
 Where often load fluctuation is occurred.
 Where voltage variation is needed over a wide load range.

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Electrical Machines
A 3-φ alternator has negligible stator resistance. A short circuit test is conducted on this alternator. At a particular speed, a field current of If1 is required to drive the rated armature current. If the speed of the alternator is reduced to half, the field current required to maintain rated armature current

 Would be equal to If1.
  Cannot be predicted due to insufficient data.
 Woud be equal to 2If1.
 Would be equal to If1/2.

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