Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 it reduces field structure iron losses
 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution

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Electrical Machines
Cogging in induction motor occurs when

 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = odd number.
 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = even number.
 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = 0.
 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = negative number.

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