Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 commutator action is not possible otherwise

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Electrical Machines
The armature mmf of a DC machine has

  trapezoidal space distribution and is stationary in space.
 stepped distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  triangular space distribution and is stationary in space.
  triangular space distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.

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