Heat and Mass Transfer
In convection heat transfer from hot flue gases to water tube, even though flow may be turbulent, a laminar flow region (boundary layer of film) exists close to the tube. The heat transfer through this film takes place by

Convection
Radiation
Conduction
Both convection and conduction

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Kirchhoff's law states that

The ratio of the emissive power and absorptive power of all bodies is the same and is equal to the emissive power of a perfectly black body
The wave length corresponding to the maximum energy is proportional to the absolute temperature
None of these
The total radiation from a black body per second per unit area is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Fourier's law of heat conduction is (where Q = Amount of heat flow through the body in unit time, A = Surface area of heat flow, taken at right angles to the direction of heat flow, dT = Temperature difference on the two faces of the body, dx = Thickness of the body, through which the heat flows, taken along the direction of heat flow, and k = Thermal conductivity of the body)

k. (dT/dx)
(dT/dx)
k.
(dx/dT)
k.
k. (dx/dT)

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