Heat and Mass Transfer
In convection heat transfer from hot flue gases to water tube, even though flow may be turbulent, a laminar flow region (boundary layer of film) exists close to the tube. The heat transfer through this film takes place by

Both convection and conduction
Convection
Conduction
Radiation

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be lined with two layers of insulating materials of different thermal conductivities. For the minimum heat transfer,

One should take into account the steam temperature before deciding as to which insulation is put where
The better insulation must be put inside
One could place either insulation on either side
The better insulation must be put outside

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