Mass Transfer
In case of steam distillation, the steam leaving the liquid is not completely saturated with distillate vapour, because

Total pressure is less
Saturated steam is used for steam distillation
Temperature is less
Mixing of steam with the material being vaporised is not so intimate as to result in equilibrium condition

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Mass Transfer
Experiments were conducted to determine the flux of a species A in a stagnant medium across a gas-liquid interface. The overall mass transfer co-efficient based on the liquid side for dilute systems for the above was estimated to be 4 x 10⁻³ kg mole/m².s. The equilibrium data for the system is given as y = 2x. The flux across the interface (in kg mole/m² .s) for bulk concentrations of A in gas phase and liquid phase as y = 0.4 and x = 0.01 respectively is

8.5 x 10⁻³
5.6 x 10⁻⁴
8.5 x 10⁻⁴
5.6 x 10⁻³

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