Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting

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Workshop Technology
The purpose of a gate is to

Delivers molten metal into the mould cavity
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Delivers molten metal from pouring basin to gate

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