Heat Transfer
In an interphase heat transfer process, the equilibrium state corresponds to equality of temperature in the two phases, while the condition for equilibrium in an interphase mass transfer process is equality of

Concentrations
Mass transfer co-efficients
Chemical potentials
Activity co-efficients

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Achieve very high concentration of the final product

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