Heat Transfer
Hot water (0.01 m³ /min) enters the tube side of a counter current shell and tube heat exchanger at 80°C and leaves at 50°C. Cold oil (0.05 m³/min) of density 800 kg/m³ and specific heat of 2 kJ/kg.K enters at 20°C. The log mean temperature difference in °C is approximately

32
50
37
45

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation

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