Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
In a vapour compression refrigeration system, a throttle valve is used in place of an expander because

It improves the C.O.P., as the condenser is small
It considerably reduces mass of the system
It leads to significant cost reduction
The positive work in isentropic expansion of liquid is very small

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Degree of saturation or percentage humidity is

The ratio of the actual mass of water vapour in a unit mass of dry air to the mass of water vapour in the same mass of dry air when it is saturated at the same temperature and pressure
The mass of water vapour present in 1 m³ of dry air
The ratio of actual mass of water vapour in a given volume of moist air to the mass of water vapour in the same volume of saturated air at the same temperature and pressure
The mass of water vapour present in 1 kg of dry air

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