Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In forced recirculation type boiler,

Water is supplied in drum and through down comers located in atmospheric condition it passes to the water wall and rises to drum in the form of mixture of water and steam
Water is converted into steam in one pass without any recirculation
Feed pump is employed to supplement natural circulation in water wall type furnace
Heating takes place at bottom and the water supplied at bottom gets converted into the mixture of steam bubbles and hot water which rise to drum

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The indicated thermal efficiency is defined as the

Ratio of heat equivalent to indicated power to the energy supplied in steam
Product of thermal efficiency and Rankine efficiency
Ratio of brake power to the indicated power
Ratio of thermal efficiency to the Rankine efficiency

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Coke is produced by

Strongly heating coal continuously for about 48 hours in the absence of air in a closed vessel
Pulverizing coal in inert atmosphere
Enriching carbon in the coal
Heating wood in a limited supply of air at temperatures below 300°C

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