Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle
double sighting
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two

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Surveying
Bowditch rule is applied to

determine the effect of local attraction
None of these
an open traverse for graphical adjustment
a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error

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