Electrical Machines
In a dc generator operating on load with its brushes on the geometrical neutral axis (GNA), the magnetic neutral axis (MNA) is shifted in the direction of rotation. Now, if the brushes are given a lead of 90° (electrical), then the MNA will

 coincide with the GNA
 shift forward by 90°
 shift forward by less than 90°
 shift forward by more than 90°

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Electrical Machines
When the supply terminal of a DC shunt motor are interchanged

  The motor will run at its normal speed in the same direction as before.
 The motor will run much faster in the same direction.
 The direction of rotation will reverse.
 The motor will stop.

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