Electrical Machines
In a DC generator, the ripples in the direct emf generated are reduced by employing

  commutator with large number of segments.
  equalizer rings.
 graphite brushes.
  carbon brushes.

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Electrical Machines
The armature mmf of a DC machine has

  trapezoidal space distribution and is stationary in space.
  triangular space distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
 stepped distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  triangular space distribution and is stationary in space.

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Electrical Machines
Due to magnetic saturation, the flux per pole in a DC machine without brush shift

 decreases in generators and increases in motor with load.
 increases in generators but decreases in motor with load.
 increases in both the generators and the motors with load.
  decreases in both generators and the motors with load.

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