Electrical Machines
In a DC generator, the ripples in the direct emf generated are reduced by employing

  carbon brushes.
  commutator with large number of segments.
 graphite brushes.
  equalizer rings.

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Electrical Machines
Skewing of the rotor in a 3 - Φ squirrel cage induction motor reduces

  noise and pullout torque, but increase parasitic and starting torque.
  noise, parasitic and starting torque, but increase pull out torque.
  noise, parasitic torque, starting torque and pull out torque.
  noise and parasitic torque, but increase starting and pull-out torque.

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