DC Generators
In a D.C. generator the ripples in the direct e.m.f. generated are reduced by

Using commutator with large number of segments
Using equalizer rings
Using conductor of annealed copper
Using carbon brushes of superior quality

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DC Generators
Lap winding is composed of

That even number which is exact multiple of poles
That even number which is exact multiple of poles + 2
Any even number of conductors
Any odd number of conductors

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