Computer Networking
Parity bit is

an error-detecting code based on a summation operation performed on the bits to be checked.
a check bit appended to an array of binary digits to make the sum of all the binary digits.
a code in which each expression conforms to specific rules of construction, so that if certain errors occur in an expression, the resulting expression will not conform to the rules of construction and
None of these
the ratio of the number of data units in error to the total number of data units

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Computer Networking
Two computers that communicate with each other use a simple parity check to detect errors for ASCII transmissions. Which of the following events will always lead to an undeleted error?

one bit or any odd number of bits inverted in a byte during transmission
two bits or any even number of bits inverted in a byte during transmission
None of these
two bits or any even number of bits inverted in a block during transmission
one bit or any odd number of bits inverted in a block of data during transmission

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Computer Networking
X.21 is

None of these
a method access control technique for multiple-access transmission media
network access standard for connecting stations to a circuit-switched network
a method of determining which device has access to the transmission medium at any time
a very common bit-oriented data link protocol issued by ISO

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