Surveying
If v, t and f/H are the ground speed of the aircraft, the shutter speed of the camera and the scale of the photograph respectively, then the amount of image displacement

i = v. f/t. H
i = v. t. (f/H)
i = t. H/v. f
i = v. t. H/f

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Surveying
A ’level line’ is a

line passing through the objective lens and the eye-piece of a dumpy or tilting level
line parallel to the mean spheriodal surface of earth
line passing through the center of cross hairs and the center of eye piece
horizontal line

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