Surveying
If v, t and f/H are the ground speed of the aircraft, the shutter speed of the camera and the scale of the photograph respectively, then the amount of image displacement

i = t. H/v. f
i = v. t. H/f
i = v. t. (f/H)
i = v. f/t. H

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Surveying
The meridian of a place is

A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles
A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
A great circle passing through the place and the poles
An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator

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