Soil Mechanics and Foundation
If the material of the base of the Casagrande liquid limit device on which the cup containing soil paste drops is softer than the standard hard rubber, then

The liquid limit of soil always decreases
The liquid limit of soil may increase
The liquid limit of soil may decrease
The liquid limit of soil always increases

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The effect of cohesion on a soil is to

increase both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity
reduce both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity
reduce the active earth pressure in-tensity but to increase the passive earth pressure intensity
increase the active earth pressure in-tensity but to reduce the passive earth pressure intensity [GATE 99]

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress on soil

Increases both voids ratio and permeability
Decreases both voids ratio and permeability
Increases voids ratio and decreases permeability
Decreases voids ratio and increases permeability

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