Plant Structure
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?

None of these
The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo
Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions
Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials

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Plant Structure
Which of the following observations is not used as evidence to support the concept of endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both strongly resemble prokaryotes, especially in size
Both have their own ribosomes
Both can live and function independently of the cell
Both have their own DNA

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Plant Structure
Which of the following statements about the outer mitochondrial membrane is not true?

The outer membrane contains porins
The outer membrane is impermeable to hydrogen ions
The outer membrane is about 50% lipid and 50% protein by weight
The outer membrane is highly permeable to substances of small molecular weight

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