Machine Design
If T is the actual number of teeth on a helical gear and φ is the helix angle for the teeth, then formative number of teeth is written as

T/sec³φ
T sec³φ
T cosecφ
T sec²φ

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Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction

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