Irrigation Engineering
If A is the area of the surface, x̅ is the depth of its C.G. from the surface of the water and ω is the density of water, then

Depth of the point at which total pressure acts is equal to its moment of inertia divided by Ax̅
Depth of the centre of pressure is 2/3H vertically below the surface
Total pressure on the surface is equal to ωx̅
All listed here

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Irrigation Engineering
For designing the venturi head,

All listed here
Length of the throat should be 2.5 times the depth measured to F.S.L. in the main canal
Minimum throat width should not be less than 60 cm
Width of the throat should not be less than one-third of the bed width of main canal

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