Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
In a vapour compression refrigeration system, a throttle valve is used in place of an expander because

It leads to significant cost reduction
The positive work in isentropic expansion of liquid is very small
It improves the C.O.P., as the condenser is small
It considerably reduces mass of the system

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
One ton of the refrigeration is

The refrigeration effect to produce 1 ton of ice at NTP conditions
The cooling effect produced by melting 1 ton of ice
The standard unit used in refrigeration problems
The refrigeration effect to freeze 1 ton of water at 0°C into ice at 0°C in 24 hours

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