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Process Equipment and Plant Design

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Hoop (circumferential) stress induced in a thin walled 'Horton Sphere' used for the storage of liquid ammonia under pressure is

pD/3t
pD/6t
pD/2t
pD/4t

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A high vapour velocity is required for high plate efficiency in a seive plate coloumn. The satisfactory value of operating vapor velocity for design purpose in seive plate column is about __________ percent of the flooding velocity.

60
80
45
95

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a continuous distillation column, the optimum reflux ratio ranges from __________ times the minimum reflux ratio.

1.1 to 1.5
2.2 to 2.6
2.7 to 3
1.6 to 2

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The design stress, which is more than the damaging stress, is the least unit stress that will render a member unfit for service before the end of its normal life. The design stress factor or factor of safety indicates the margin between design stress and the __________ stress.

Damaging
None of these
Allowable
Working

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A minimum clearance of about __________ mm is maintained between the distillation column wall and the bubble cap.

95
76
38
19

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pressure drop due to pipe fittings can be estimated by the equation, ΔP/p = 4f.Le/D.V2/2gc, where, Le = equivalent length of straight pipeline which will incur the same frictional loss as the fitting and D = diameter of the fitting. The value of Le/D (dimensionless) for 45° elbow and 180° close return bends would be respectively around

45 and 75
5 and 10
180 and 300
300 and 500

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