Al Biruni was made court astrologer in Ghazni and he accompanied with Mahmud on his invasions on India. He lived for several years here and is considered to be first Indologist.
Madhav Rao defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad and also compelled Haidar Ali of Mysore to pay tribute. He reasserted control over northern India by defeating the Rohillas and also subjugated the Rajput state and Jat chiefs.