Machine Design
According to Rankine's theory, the failure occurs at a point in a member

When the maximum principal strain in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain at the elastic limit as determined from a simple tension test
When the maximum shear stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the shear stress at elastic limit in a simple tension test
When the maximum principal stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the elastic limit of the material in a simple tension test
When the strain energy per unit volume in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain energy at the elastic limit per unit volume as determined from a simple tension test

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Machine Design
A bolt of uniform strength can be developed by

Keeping the core diameter smaller than the diameter of the unthreaded portion
Keeping the nominal diameter of threads equal to the diameter of unthreaded portion of the bolt
None of these
Keeping the core diameter of threads equal to the diameter of unthreaded portion of the bolt

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