Electromagnetic Field Theory
Gradient of scalar field is expressed as

 Gradient of divergence of a vector field minus the curl of the vector field.
 Circulation of a vector field per unit area as the area tends to zero.
 Maximum rate of increase of scalar function at a point.
 Outward flux of a vector field per unit volume as the volume about the point tends to zero.

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Electromagnetic Field Theory
A rectangular waveguide is a

Hollow rectangular walled room carrying electromagnetic wave
Tube antenna to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves
Rectangular conducting wire to propagate electromagnetic waves
Hollow rectangular conducting tube through which electromagnetic waves can be propagat-ed

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