Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Free energy

Remains unchanged in reversible processes carried at constant temperature and pressure
Decreases in all spontaneous (or irreversible) processes
Change during a spontaneous process has a negative value
All of these

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Critical solution temperature (or the con-solute temperature) for partially miscible liquids (e.g., phenol-water) is the minimum temperature at which

Mutual solubility of the two liquids shows a decreasing trend
A homogeneous solution (say of phenol water) is formed
Two liquids are completely separated into two layers
None of these

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
In the reaction, H₂ +I₂ ⇋ 2HI, addition of an inert gas will

Increase the partial pressure of I₂
Not effect the equilibrium conditions
Increase the partial pressure of H₂
Increase the total pressure and hence shift the equilibrium towards the right

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