Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
A change in state involving a decrease in entropy can be spontaneous, only if

It takes place at constant volume
It is isenthalpic
It takes place isothermally
It is exothermic

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
The necessary and sufficient condition for equilibrium between two phases is

The pressure should be same in the two phases
The concentration of each component should be same in the two phases
The chemical potential of each component should be same in the two phases
The temperature of each phase should be same

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