Heat and Mass Transfer
Fouling factor is used

When a liquid exchanges heat with a gas
None of these
In heat exchanger design as a safety factor
In case of Newtonian fluids

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be insulated by two insulating materials put over each other. For best results

Inferior insulation should be put over pipe and better one over it
Whether to put inferior OIL over pipe or the better one would depend on steam temperature
Better insulation should be put over pipe and better one over it
Both may be put in any order

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Film coefficient is defined as Inside diameter of tube

Thermal conductivity Equivalent thickness of film Specific heat × Viscosity
Thermal conductivity Molecular diffusivity of momentum Thermal diffusivity
Equivalent thickness of film
Film coefficient × Inside diameter Thermal conductivity

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