Heat and Mass Transfer
Depending on the radiating properties, body will be transparent when(Where a = absorptivity, p = reflectivity, x = transmissivity)

P=1, x = 0, and a = 0
P = 0, x= 1, and a = 0
P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
X = 0, a + p = 1

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Thermal conductivity of a material may be defined as the

Quantity of heat flowing in one second through a slab of the material of area one cm square, thickness 1 cm when its faces differ in temperature by 1°C
Quantity of heat flowing in one second through one cm cube of material when opposite faces are maintained at a temperature difference of 1°C
Heat conducted in unit time across unit area through unit thickness when a temperature difference of unity is maintained between opposite faces
All of these

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The time constant of a thermocouple is

The time taken to attain 63.2% of the value of initial temperature difference
The time taken to attain 50% of the value of initial temperature difference
Determined by the time taken to reach 100°C from 0°C
The time taken to attain the final temperature to be measured

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