Irrigation Engineering
For the upstream face of an earthen dam, the most adverse condition for stability of slope is

sloughing of slope
steady seepage
sudden drawdown
during construction

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Irrigation Engineering
A hydraulic jump is generally formed when a stream moving with

A hyper-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a critical velocity
A hyper-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a sub-critical velocity
A sub-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a hyper-critical velocity
A hyper-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a hyper-critical velocity

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Irrigation Engineering
If A is the area of the surface, x̅ is the depth of its C.G. from the surface of the water and ω is the density of water, then

Total pressure on the surface is equal to ωx̅
All listed here
Depth of the centre of pressure is 2/3H vertically below the surface
Depth of the point at which total pressure acts is equal to its moment of inertia divided by Ax̅

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